A decrease in the amount of calcium and phosphorus in the bones. This can cause bones to be weak and brittle, and increases the risk for broken bones. Most preemies born before 30 weeks have some degree of OOP, but won’t have any physical symptoms.
Causes: during the last trimester, calcium and phosphorus are transferred from the mother to the baby so that the baby’s bones will grow, so preemies may not received enough to form strong bones. Also, the baby’s activity increases in those last 3 months, and that activity is thought to help bone development.
OOP is usually diagnosed with ultrasound, x-rays, and blood tests to check the levels of calcium, phosphorus, and a protein called alkaline phosphatase. It is most commonly treated with calcium and phosphorus supplements added to breast milk or IV fluids, special premature formulas when breast milk is not available, and Vitamin D supplements.
